springMVC-01-快速上手

快速上手

首先配置pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.huangxin.order</groupId>
    <artifactId>springMVC-01</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- springMVC 环境-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.17.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--web框架开始-->
        <!--servlet-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--JSTL-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--JSP-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
            <!--不打包-->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--web框架结束-->
    </dependencies>
</project>

导入springMVC会将所有依赖包依次导入

配置为web项目

结构为

配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <!--编码过滤-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <!--编码设置-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--强制编码-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncoding</filter-name>
        <!--过滤所有请求-->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!--前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <!--配置文件位置-->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--如果不配置路径,默认为 **-servlet.xml-->
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!--   /*.do拦截所有以do结尾的   -->
        <!--  / 拦截所有请求            -->
        <!-- /* 切记不要使用-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

详细查看配置

配置web工程中的spring-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--控制映射器-->
    <!--根据bean名称找到映射-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理适配器-->
    <!--将对应数据转换,默认就行-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <!--可以解析jsp-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--自动解析-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!--后端控制器-->
    <!--配置controller-->
    <!--<bean name="/hello" class="com.huangxin.order.controller.HelloController"/>-->
</beans>

这些一旦配置好基本不需要改变

注意视图解析器配置

创建一个控制器来操控

package com.huangxin.order.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//        httpServletRequest.setAttribute("hello", "Hello SpringMVC");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//       填充数据模型
        modelAndView.addObject("hello", "Hello SpringMVC");
//      将数值传给指定路径
        modelAndView.setViewName("hello");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

上面的setAtttibute和addObject效果相同

因为配置过视图解析器.所以setViewName时只需要说明jsp的名字即可

在jsp文件中

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${hello}
</body>
</html>

使用EL表达式来读取设置的属性